Virus y metáforas zombi: la universidad en la era del capitalismo digital / Virus and metaphors zombie

Desde la última década del Siglo XX y en particular desde la primera década del siglo XXI se ha venido consolidando una digitalización hipertextual de los datos, así como de la producción y gestión de conocimiento. Si bien ello precede a la pandemia global del COVID-19, ésta aceleró significativamente su naturalización. En armonía con este orden de cosas, se ha configurado una transformación radical del hacer universitario que lo ha posicionado como un auxiliar estratégico del Capitalismo Cognitivo. Este ensayo busca reflexionar sobre sus efectos y sobre el proceso de centralización que lo caracteriza

Since the last decade of the 20th century, and in particular since the first decade of the 21st century, a hypertextual digitization of data has been consolidating, as well as of the production and management of knowledge. While this predates the global COVID 19 pandemic, she significantly accelerated her naturalization. In harmony with this order of things, a radical transformation of university work has been configured that has positioned it as a strategic auxiliary of Cognitive Capitalism. This essay seeks to reflect on its effects and on the centralization process that characterizes it

How does digital life influence the health service use among rural residents? Evidence from China.

BACKGROUND: The Healthy China strategy is an important development objective of the 14th Five-Year Plan and Vision 2035 in China, while health service use in rural China has been a weak link in this strategy. OBJECTIVE: Nowadays, people's health service use will be influenced by digital technology due to the arrival of the Digital Age, and that is the reason why our interest is to discuss the effect of digital life on health service use among rural residents. METHODS: We use the data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2020 to examine the effect of digital life on health service use among rural residents, and we use Instrumental Variables method to control the endogenous problem and use KHB model to discuss the mechanism of this effect. RESULTS: It was found that digital life has increased the health service use among rural residents significantly, and this result has been verified by robust test and Instrumental Variables method. Besides, digital life can increase health service use through the information channel effect and the health literacy effect indirectly. Moreover, digital life has a more significant impact on the residents with low social capital, low physical capital and low social trust, which represents the inclusivity of digital life. CONCLUSION: The results of our paper will be helpful to examine the effect of the digital policy on promoting the health service use in rural China, and our findings will provide evidence of how to use digital life to enhance health service use among rural residents. Based on this, the government should take measures to eliminate the digital divide between urban and rural areas by promoting the level of digital life among rural residents, paying more attention to the digital literacy development among them, and forging ahead toward the great goal of the Healthy China under the Digital Age.

Efficacy and efficiency of information retrieval of community family physicians at the point of care: exploring the associations with information and computer literacy.

Objective: This study aimed to measure the association between the efficacy/efficiency of digital information retrieval among community family physicians at the point of care and information and computer literacy. Methods: This study is a part of a cross-sectional anonymous online survey-based study among community family physicians who reported no affiliation with an academic institution in eight Arab countries. Results: A total of 72 physicians were included. The mean total score for the information literacy scale was 59.8 out of 91 (SD = 11.4). The mean score was 29.3 (SD = 5.6) out of 55 on the computer literacy scale. A one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant association between information literacy and information retrieval efficacy (F (2,69) = 4.466, p = 0.015) and efficiency of information retrieval (F (2.69) = 4.563, p = 0.014). Computer literacy was not associated with information retrieval efficacy or efficiency. Conclusion: The information and computer literacy scores of community family physicians in eight Arab countries are average. Information literacy, rather than computer literacy, is positively associated with the efficacy and efficiency of information retrieval at the point of care. There is room for improvement in evidence-based medicine curricula and continuous professional development to improve information literacy for better information retrieval and patient care.

Digital literacy level and associated factors among health professionals in a referral and teaching hospital: An implication for future digital health systems implementation.

Background: In Ethiopia and other developing countries, electronic medical record systems and other health information technology are being introduced. However, a small proportion of low-income countries have successfully implemented national health information systems. One cause for this can be the lack of digital literacy among medical practitioners. As a result, this study aimed to assess health professionals' digital literacy level and associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study was employed among 423 health professionals working in a teaching and referral hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. We modified and applied the European commission's framework for digital competency to assess the level of digital literacy among health professionals. We used stratified random sampling with proportional allocation to the size of the departments in the hospital to select study participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered, and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis techniques were used to describe respondents' digital literacy level and identify its associated factor, respectively. The odds ratio with 95% CI and value of p were used to assess the strength of the association and statistical significance, respectively. Results: Out of 411 participants, 51.8% (95% CI, 46.9-56.6%) of health professionals had adequate digital literacy. Holding a master's degree (Adjusted OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.18-3.85), access to digital technology (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.12-3.17), having training in digital technology (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05-2.59), and having a positive attitude towards digital health technology (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02-2.68) were found to be significant factors associated with health professionals digital literacy level of health professionals. Conclusion: Low level of digital literacy among health professionals was observed, with nearly half (48.2%) of them having poor digital literacy levels. Access to digital technology, training on digital technology, and attitude toward digital health technology were significant factors associated with digital literacy. It is suggested to increase computer accessibility, provide a training program on digital health technology, and promote a positive attitude toward this technology to improve the deployment of health information systems.

The role of digital literacy in achieving health equity in the third millennium society: A literature review.

Healthcare in the third millennium is largely delivered through systems involving the use of the technological devices and services, foremost among them telemedicine. For the adequate delivery of digital medicine services, however, it is necessary for users to be digitally literate, that is, able to consciously make use of technology. In order to understand how relevant digital literacy is in determining the effectiveness of e-Health services, we performed a traditional literature review on 3 major databases by combining the terms "Digital Literacy" and "Computer Literacy" with the terms "Telemedicine" and "Telehealth". Starting from an initial library of 1,077 papers, we selected 38 articles. At the outcome of the search, we found that digital literacy is a pivotal element in conditioning the effectiveness of telemedicine and digital medicine services in general, however, with some limitations.

Exploring the eHealth literacy and mobile health application utilisation amongst Malaysian pharmacy students.

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacy students should be eHealth literate by being skilful in searching, evaluating and applying online health information. Mobile health applications should be utilised when making clinical decisions to achieve optimal patient care with the ever-changing pharmacy practice. This study aims to explore the eHealth literacy and mobile health application utilisation amongst pharmacy undergraduates. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2021. An online survey, consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, Internet use, eHealth Literacy Scale and mobile health application utilisation, was distributed amongst pharmacy undergraduates in public and private universities in Malaysia. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: A total of 415 participants completed the survey (response rate = 82.5%). The median eHealth Literacy Scale score (out of 40) was 31.0 ± 3.0 (interquartile range). More than one-third of participants (34.7%) were found to have low eHealth literacy. Many lacked confidence in making health decisions from online information (42.4%) and skills in distinguishing between high-quality and low-quality health resources (35.2%). Only 70.4% of the participants had mobile health applications installed on their smartphones and/or tablets. Some students felt that they were neither knowledgeable nor skilful enough to utilise mobile health applications (24.8%), whereas 23.9% were unaware of the mobile health applications available. CONCLUSION: In summary, the eHealth literacy of Malaysian pharmacy students can be further enhanced by incorporating eHealth literacy-focused programmes into the curriculum. Moreover, pharmacy students' mobile health application utilisation can be improved through increased awareness and support from universities.

A literacia digital em saúde na capacitação dos cuidadores informais / Digital health literacy in training informal caregivers

Introdução: A Literacia em Saúde permite otimizar estilos de vida saudáveis e comportamentos preventivos e protetores da saúde. O uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação para a promoção da Literacia Digital em saúde, tornou-se cada vez mais atual, ultrapassando a barreira geográfica causada pelo isolamento social, tão presente durante a pandemia. Estarão os cuidadores informais capacitados para aceder a essa informação, compreendê-la e utilizá-la, tendo ganhos em saúde? Tendo como referencial teórico o Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender, realizou-se um projeto de intervenção, com o objetivo geral de contribuir para a capacitação dos cuidadores informais através da promoção da literacia digital em saúde. Metodologia: Este projeto teve por base a Metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde de Imperatori e Giraldes (1993). Foi realizado o diagnóstico da situação realizado através da utilização do questionário do projeto: Perfil dos Cuidadores Informais do Município de Lisboa. O projeto incidiu numa Unidade de Saúde Familiar do Aces Lisboa Norte, numa amostra não probabilística de conveniência. Resultados: Foi criado um manual digital interativo, abordando o estatuto do cuidador informal, direitos e deveres e a saúde do cuidador informal, disponibilizando links e QR codes para aceder a plataformas digitais relevantes ao tema. A execução do projeto decorreu no contexto de visitas domiciliárias, a 14 Cuidadores Informais. Verificou-se que quase metade dos cuidadores informais não utiliza plataformas digitais, por não saber utilizar ou por não ter internet no domicílio. Conclusões: A criação de ferramentas digitais deve ser direcionada para as características da população. Para as pessoas com baixa literacia digital, devem ser criadas tecnologias simples e às que não podem ou não querem usar ferramentas digitais, devem ser criadas alternativas adequadas.

Introduction: Health Literacy allows for optimizing healthy lifestyles and preventive and protective health behaviors. The use of information and communication technologies to promote Digital Health Literacy has become increasingly current, overcoming the geographical barrier caused by the social isolation, so present during the pandemic. Are the informal caregivers able to access this information, understand it and use it, having gains in health? Having as theoretical reference the Nola Pender Health Promotion Model, an intervention project was carried out, with the general objective of contributing to the training of informal caregivers through the promotion of digital health literacy. Methodology: This project was based on the Methodology of Health Planning of Imperatori and Giraldes (1993). The situation was diagnosed using the project questionnaire: Profile of The Informal Caregivers of the Municipality of Lisbon. The project focused on a Family Health Unit of Aces Lisboa Norte, a non-probabilistic sample of convenience. Results: An interactive digital manual was created, addressing the status of the informal caregiver, rights, and duties, and the health of the informal caregiver, providing links and QR codes to access digital platforms relevant to the subject. The execution of the project took place in the context of home visits to 14 Informal Caregivers. It was found that almost half of the informal caregivers do not use digital platforms, because they do not know how to use them or because they do not have the internet at home. Conclusions: The creation of digital tools should be directed to the characteristics of the population. For people with low digital literacy, simple technologies should be created and if they cannot or do not want to use digital tools, appropriate alternatives should be created.

Factors Influencing eHealth Literacy among Spanish Primary Healthcare Users: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Adequate eHealth literacy levels empower people to make informed decisions, enhancing their autonomy. The current study assessed a group using primary care services for their eHealth literacy and examined its relationship with sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Adult patients in need of primary care nursing services participated in this cross-sectional study, which was carried out in a healthcare center in the Madrid region of Spain. Through systematic random sampling, 166 participants were chosen for the study. The eHealth Literacy Questionnaire was used to assess eHealth literacy (eHLQ). RESULTS: The studied population showed higher eHealth literacy scores in dimensions 2 ("understanding of health concepts and language") and 4 ("feel safe and in control"); the lowest scores were recorded for dimensions 1 ("using technology to process health information"), 3 ("ability to actively engage with digital services"), and 7 ("digital services that suit individual needs"). People with completed secondary education and a better-perceived health status who were younger and employed showed a higher level of eHealth literacy. CONCLUSIONS: The findings advance our knowledge of the variables affecting eHealth literacy. We may be able to understand patients' needs and provide them with greater support if we can pinpoint the areas where they demonstrate the lowest eHealth literacy.

eHealth Literacy of Australian Undergraduate Health Profession Students: A Descriptive Study.

Rapid growth in digital health technologies has increased demand for eHealth literacy of all stakeholders within health and social care environments. The digital future of health care services requires the next generation of health professionals to be well-prepared to confidently provide high-quality and safe health care. The aim of this study was to explore the eHealth literacy of undergraduate health profession students to inform undergraduate curriculum development to promote work-readiness. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at an Australian university using the seven-domain eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ), with 610 students participating. A one-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) with follow-up univariate analysis (ANOVA) was used to determine if there were differences in eHLQ scores across 11 sociodemographic variables. Students generally had good knowledge of health (Scale 2); however, they had concerns over the security of online health data (Scale 4). There were also significant differences in age and ownership of digital devices. Students who were younger reported higher scores across all seven eHLQ scales than older students. This research provided an understanding of eHealth literacy of health profession students and revealed sub-groups that have lower eHealth literacy, suggesting that digital health skills should be integrated into university curriculums, especially related to practice-based digital applications with special focus to address privacy and security concerns. Preparation of health profession students so they can efficiently address their own needs, and the needs of others, is recommended to minimise the digital divide within health and social care environments.

An Assessment of the Structural Validity and Measurement Invariance of the Web-Use Skills Scale for Aging Internet Users.

Research on digital inequality has found that aging adults are often at risk of digital exclusion. Understanding the validity of survey measures assessing Internet skills in this population is critical to providing the high-quality data needed for effective digital inclusion policy interventions. This cross-validation study examines the structural validity and measurement invariance (across age, gender, and education groups) of the Web-Use Skills scale (WUS), which is commonly used as a proxy measure of Internet skills. We tested the 14-item version of the WUS. The scale was translated into the Slovenian language and pretested with older Internet users. Data were collected from two independent samples of Internet users aged 50+ years (N1 = 259 and N2 = 256) drawn from an online opt-in panel in Slovenia. The examination of structural validity confirmed that the WUS adequately reflects the one-factor structure of the web-use skills construct, although in a shorter six-item form. Moreover, the analysis confirmed strict measurement invariance between the two samples and, at least, scalar invariance between age, gender, and education groups. The results support the applicability of WUS in cross-group comparisons of Internet skills in the population of aging Internet users and point to several opportunities for future work.

LGBTI+fobia virtual: notas sobre uma etnografia em comunidades virtuais no Facebook / Virtual LGBTI+phobia: notes on an ethnography in virtual communities on Facebook / LGBTI+fobia virtual: notas sobre una etnografía en comunidades virtuales en Facebook

O artigo discute a LGBTI+fobia em ambientes virtuais, a partir de etnografia virtual realizada em duas comunidades virtuais no Facebook, "Brasil sem ideologia de gênero" e "Não à ditadura gay". A observação silenciosa (lurking) ocorreu no período 2018 a 2019, sendo analisadas 75 postagens. Seguiu-se um roteiro que buscou identificar as características dos membros, o perfil de interação, a arquitetura das comunidades, e também a percepção dos membros sobre expressões de sexualidade e gênero dissidentes da heteronormatividade. A LGBTI+fobia começa a ficar mais perceptível a partir de discursos de ódio de natureza ultraconservadora e simbólica, que se utiliza de elementos como humor, política, desinformação, e deturpação de dados científicos, visando deslegitimar a existência da população LGBTI+, justificar a retirada de direitos, e minimizar suas pautas. Destacou-se a necessidade de observação das plataformas responsáveis por esses ambientes digitais, como também a importância de uma alfabetização digital da população, de modo a capacitá-la ao uso crítico e responsável desses ambientes digitais

The article discusses LGBTI+phobia in virtual environments, based on the virtual ethnography of two virtual communities on Facebook, "Brasil sem ideologia de gênero" ["Brazil without gender ideology"] and "Não à ditadura gay" ["No gay dictatorship"]. The silent observation (lurking) occurred between 2018 and 2019, in 75 posts. This was followed by a script to identify the characteristics of members, the interaction profile, the architecture of the communities, and also the members' perception about expressions of sexuality and gender dissident of the heteronormativity. LGBTI+phobia starts to become more noticeable from hate speeches of an ultra-conservative and symbolic nature, using elements such as humor, politics, and scientific data misrepresentation, delegitimizing the existence of the LGBTI+ population, justifying the withdrawal of rights, and minimizing their agendas. The need for observation of companies responsible for these digital environments was highlighted, in addition to pointing out the need for digital literacy of the population, in order to enable them to critically and responsibly use these digital environments

El artículo analiza la LGBTI+fobia en entornos virtuales, a partir de etnografía virtual en dos comunidades virtuales en Facebook, "Brasil sem ideologia de gênero" ["Brasil sin ideología de género"] y "Não à ditadura gay" ["No dictadura gay"]. La observación silenciosa (lurking) ocurrió desde 2018 hasta 2019, y resultó en 75 publicaciones. A esto le siguió un guión que identificó características de miembros, perfil de interacción, arquitectura comunitaria y la percepción sobre expresiones disidentes de sexualidad y género contrarias a la heteronormatividad. La LGBTI+fobia comienza a ser más notório desde que comenzó a produzirse discursos de odio de ultraconservadores y simbólicos, utilizando elementos como humor, política y tergiversación de datos científicos, con los objetivos de deslegitimar la existencia de la población LGBTI+, justificar la retirada de sus derechos y minimizar sus agendas. Se destacó la necesidad de observación de empresas responsables de estos entornos digitales, además de señalar la necesidad de la alfabetización digital de la población, con el fin de permitirles un uso crítico y responsable de estos

Assessing the Effects of eHealth Tutorials on Older Adults' eHealth Literacy.

eHealth literacy is the ability to access, assess, and use digital health information. This study compared the effects of a multimedia tutorial versus a paper-based control in improving older adults' eHealth literacy from pre- to posttest. A total of 99 community-dwelling older adults (63-90 years old; mean = 73.09) participated from July 2019 to February 2020. Overall, knowledge about computer/Internet terms, eHealth literacy efficacy, knowledge about the quality of health information websites, and procedural skills in computer/Internet use improved significantly from pre- to posttest. No interaction effect was found between time and group. Participants in both groups had an overwhelmingly positive attitude toward training. Their attitudes toward training approached a statistically significant difference between the two conditions: F (1, 89) = 3.75, p = .056, partial η2 = .040, with the multimedia condition showing more positive attitudes. These findings have implications for designing effective eHealth literacy interventions for older adults.

Healthcare providers' readiness for electronic health record adoption: a cross-sectional study during pre-implementation phase.

BACKGROUND: The adoption of an electronic health record (EHR) in the healthcare system has the potential to make healthcare service delivery effective and efficient by providing accurate, up-to-date, and complete information. Despite its great importance, the adoptions of EHR in low-income country settings, like Ethiopia, were lagging and increasingly failed. Assessing the readiness of stakeholders before the actual adoption of EHR is considered the prominent solution to tackle the problem. However, little is known about healthcare providers' EHR readiness in this study setting. Accordingly, this research was conducted aiming at examining healthcare providers' readiness for EHR adoption and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1 to October 30, 2021. A total of 423 healthcare providers working in public hospitals were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to identify determinant factors of overall healthcare providers' readiness after the other covariates were controlled. RESULT: In this study, the overall good readiness level of EHR adoption was 52.8% (n = 204) [95% CI of 47.9% to 56.6%]. Age, computer literacy, computer access at health facilities, attitude towards EHRs, awareness about EHRs, perceived benefit, and perceived technology self-efficacy were significantly associated with the overall health care providers' readiness for the adoption of EHR using a cut point of P-value less than 0.05. CONCLUSION: Around half of the respondents had a good level of overall healthcare providers' readiness for the adoption of EHR which was considered inadequate. This finding implied that a huge effort is required to improve readiness before the actual implementation of EHRs. The finding implied that younger-aged groups were more ready for such technology which in turn implied; the older one needs more concern. Enhancing computer literacy, confidence building to raise self-efficacy of such technology, addressing the issue of computer availability at health facilities, building a positive attitude, awareness campaign of EHR, and recognizing the usefulness of such systems were the necessary measures to improve EHR readiness in this setting. Additionally, further studies are recommended to encompass all types of EHR readiness such as organizational readiness, technology readiness, societal readiness, and so on. Additionally, exploring the healthcare provider opinion with qualitative study and extending the proposed study to other implementation settings are recommended to be addressed by future works.

Implementation of an integrated home internet of things system for vulnerable older adults using a frailty-centered approach.

Although integrated home internet of things (IoT) services can be beneficial, especially for vulnerable older adults, the hurdle of usability hinders implementation of the technology. This study aimed to evaluate the practical usability of home IoT services in older adults, by frailty status, and to determine the potential obstacles. From August 2019 to July 2020, we randomly selected 20 vulnerable older adults (prefrailty group [n = 11], and frailty group [n = 9]) who had already been identified as needing home IoT services in a community-based prospective cohort study, the Aging Study of the Pyeongchang Rural Area. Integrated home IoT services were provided for 1 year, and a face-to-face survey evaluating usability and satisfaction of each service was conducted. The usability of the integrated home IoT services declined gradually throughout the study. However, prefrail participants showed higher usability than frail older adults (difference-in-difference = - 19.431, p = 0.012). According to the frailty status, the change in usability for each service type also showed a different pattern. During the 12-month study period, the service with the highest satisfaction converged from various service needs to light control by remote control (77.8%) in the prefrailty group and automatic gas circuit breaker (72.7%) in the frailty group. For wider implementation of home IoT services, organizing services expected to have high usability and satisfaction based on user's frailty status is crucial. Also, providing education before service implementation might help older adults coping with digital literacy.

Demographic Disparity in Use of Telemedicine for Ambulatory General Surgical Consultation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of the Initial Public Health Emergency and Second Phase Periods.

BACKGROUND: Surgical patients with limited digital literacy may experience reduced telemedicine access. We investigated racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in telemedicine compared with in-person surgical consultation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of new visits within the Division of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery at an academic medical center occurring between March 24 through June 23, 2020 (Phase I, Massachusetts Public Health Emergency) and June 24 through December 31, 2020 (Phase II, relaxation of restrictions on healthcare operations) was performed. Visit modality (telemedicine/phone vs in-person) and demographic data were extracted. Bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to evaluate associations between patient characteristics and visit modality. RESULTS: During Phase I, 347 in-person and 638 virtual visits were completed. Multivariable modeling demonstrated no significant differences in virtual compared with in-person visit use across racial/ethnic or insurance groups. Among patients using virtual visits, Latinx patients were less likely to have video compared with audio-only visits than White patients (OR, 0.46; 95% CI 0.22-0.96). Black race and insurance type were not significant predictors of video use. During Phase II, 2,922 in-person and 1,001 virtual visits were completed. Multivariable modeling demonstrated that Black patients (OR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.12-2.06) were more likely to have virtual visits than White patients. No significant differences were observed across insurance types. Among patients using virtual visits, race/ethnicity and insurance type were not significant predictors of video use. CONCLUSION: Black patients used telemedicine platforms more often than White patients during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual consultation may help increase access to surgical care among traditionally under-resourced populations.

Contrasting Internet Adoption in Early and Advanced Old Age: Does Internet Self-Efficacy Matter?

OBJECTIVES: Understanding why older adults (including those in very old age) use or do not use the Internet can build on the technology acceptance model (TAM). In this cross-sectional study, we translate the TAM to the Internet and assume that perceived usefulness of the Internet (PUI) and perceived ease of use of the Internet (PEUI) will be revealed as major predictors of behavioral intention to use the Internet (BII). Additionally, we consider the role of Internet self-efficacy (ISE) as another major factor for older adults' Internet use. We also argue that life phase, particularly early as opposed to advanced old age, may moderate how PUI, PEUI, and ISE relate to BII. METHODS: A sample of 1,200 older adults aged 60 years and older (60-74 years, n = 658; 75-99 years, n = 542) was randomly drawn from the city of Stuttgart, Germany. Sociodemographic variables and major indicators of TAM and ISE were assessed based on a computer-assisted telephone interviewing procedure. RESULTS: Latent structural equation modeling revealed that PUI is the more important predictor of BII in older adults. Furthermore, ISE revealed statistically meaningful positive links with PUI, PEUI, and BII. Multigroup comparison revealed that PUI had a stronger linkage with BII in early old age, whereas ISE was more important for BII in advanced old age. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that ISE may enrich the network of TAM constructs among older adults in general but specifically in advanced old age.

Alfabetización en e-Salud en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 al sur del Perú / E-Health Literacy In Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Southern Peru

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial debido a la alta morbimortalidad asociada a sus complicaciones cardiovasculares, renales y neurológicas. Los estudios muestran que la prevalencia de diabetes en el Perú ha aumentado y se registra una incidencia de dos casos por cada cien personas al año. (1) El uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) como aplicaciones móviles, web, redes sociales, y contenidos multimedia para el manejo de la diabetes es cada vez más frecuente aunque la efectividad de estas es aún controversial. (2) En Perú, se encontró un uso poco frecuente (menos del 20 por ciento) de las TIC en pacientes diabéticos. (3, 4) Este uso poco frecuente probablemente se deba a al limitado acceso a estas tecnologías por los costos que implica aunque cada vez los precios son más bajos, otra posible explicación es la insuficiente o nula alfabetización digital. Ningún estudio ha evaluado el nivel de alfabetización en e-Salud o alfabetización digital en salud de pacientes dentro del contexto peruano. El objetivo fue evaluar de forma exploratoria la alfabetización en e-Salud en un grupo de pacientes diabéticos(AU)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a public health problem worldwide due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with its cardiovascular, renal and neurological complications. Studies show that the prevalence of diabetes in Peru has increased and there is an incidence of two cases per hundred people per year. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) such as mobile applications, web, social networks, and multimedia content for diabetes management is increasingly frequent, although their effectiveness is still controversial. In Peru, infrequent use (less than 20 percent) of ICT was found in diabetic patients. This infrequent use is probably due to the limited access to these technologies due to the costs involved, although prices are increasingly lower, another possible explanation is insufficient or no digital literacy. No study has evaluated the level of e-Health literacy or digital health literacy of patients within the Peruvian context. The objective was to evaluate in exploratory way e-Health literacy in a group of diabetic patients(AU)

Letramento digital em saúde de estudantes de enfermagem ou medicina: fatores relacionados / Alfabetización digital en salud de estudiantes de enfermería o medicina: factores relacionados / Digital health literacy of nursing or medical students: related factors

Resumo Objetivo Identificar fatores relacionados ao letramento digital em saúde de estudantes de medicina ou enfermagem. Métodos O nível de letramento digital em saúde de graduandos de enfermagem ou medicina de três instituições foi avaliado pela eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), versão brasileira, cujo escore varia de 8 a 40; quanto maior a pontuação, maior o nível de letramento autorreferido. Relações entre o escore do eHEALS e variáveis sociodemográficas e acadêmicas foram verificadas por meio dos testes de Mann Whitney ou Kruskal Wallis, com significância de 5%. Quando havia significância do teste de Kruskal Wallis, foi utilizado teste de Dunn para comparações dois a dois. Resultados Participaram 346 estudantes, com idade média de 23,0±5,0 anos, 71,5% do sexo feminino, 51,6% do curso de Enfermagem. A pontuação média do eHEALS foi de 31,6±4,4. Maiores escores do eHEALS se associaram a: sexo masculino, instituição pública, curso integral, maior tempo desde o início da graduação, ter pessoas próximas que buscam informações sobre saúde online, dominar outro idioma, se sentir bem/muito bem sobre a saúde atual. O nível de letramento se correlacionou positivamente com idade, utilidade da internet e seu conteúdo de saúde. O item "Sinto-me confiante em usar informações da Internet para tomar decisões de saúde" teve pontuação mais baixa. Conclusão Características sociodemográficas e acadêmicas se relacionam ao letramento digital em saúde de estudantes universitários. Esses resultados podem subsidiar e direcionar esforços curriculares nas universidades, engajando futuros profissionais da saúde na disseminação de informações confiáveis dentro e fora do contexto acadêmico, bem como na assistência assistida por tecnologias.essionals in the dissemination of reliable information inside and outside the academic context, and in technology-assisted care.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar factores relacionados a la alfabetización digital en salud de estudiantes de medicina o enfermería. Métodos El nivel de alfabetización digital en salud de estudiantes universitarios de enfermería o medicina de tres instituciones fue evaluado por la eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), versión brasileña, cuya puntuación varía de 8 a 40; cuanto más alta la puntuación, más alto el nivel de alfabetización autorreferido. La relación entre la puntuación de eHEALS y variables sociodemográficas y académicas se verificó a través de las pruebas de Mann Whitney o de Kruskal Wallis, con una significancia del 5 %. Cuando había significancia en la prueba de Kruskal Wallis, se utilizó la prueba de Dunn para comparaciones de a dos. Resultados Participaron 346 estudiantes, de edad promedio de 23,0±5,0 años, 71,5 % del sexo femenino, 51,6 % del curso de Enfermería. El puntaje promedio del eHEALS fue de 31,6±4,4. Las puntuaciones más altas de eHEALS se asociaron con: sexo masculino, institución pública, curso integral, más tiempo desde el inicio del curso universitario, tener a personas próximas que buscan información sobre salud online, dominar otro idioma, sentirse bien/muy bien sobre la salud actual. El nivel de alfabetización se correlacionó positivamente con la edad, utilidad de internet y su contenido de salud. El ítem "Me siento seguro al usar información de internet para tomar decisiones de salud" obtuvo un puntaje más bajo. Conclusión Características sociodemográficas y académicas se relacionan con la alfabetización digital en salud de estudiantes universitarios. Esos resultados pueden respaldar y orientar iniciativas curriculares en las universidades, y así involucrar a futuros profesionales de salud en la diseminación de información confiable dentro y fuera del contexto académico, así como a la atención auxiliada por tecnologías.

Abstract Objective To identify factors related to the digital health literacy of medical or nursing students. Methods The level of digital health literacy of undergraduate nursing or medical students from three institutions was assessed using the Brazilian version of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), whose score ranges from 8 to 40; the higher the score, the higher the self-reported literacy level. Relationships between the eHEALS score and sociodemographic and academic variables were assessed using the Mann Whitney or Kruskal Wallis tests, with a significance level of 5%. When the Kruskal Wallis test was significant, the Dunn's test was used for two by two comparisons. Results 346 students participated in the study, with a mean age of 23.0±5.0 years, 71.5% female, 51.6% from the Nursing course. The mean eHEALS score was 31.6±4.4. Higher eHEALS scores were associated with the male gender, attending a public institution, full-time course, longer time since enrollment in the course, having close people who seek health information online, mastering another language, and feeling good/very good about their current health. The literacy level was positively correlated with age, and the usefulness of the internet and its health content. Lower scores were reached in the item "I feel confident in using information from the internet to make health decisions". Conclusion Sociodemographic and academic characteristics are related to the digital health literacy of university students. These results can support and direct curricular efforts in universities, engaging future health professionals in the dissemination of reliable information inside and outside the academic context, and in technology-assisted care.